Friday, April 6, 2018

History of cloud computing

A brief history of cloud computing
1950-1969
In the 1950s mainframe computers were huge, occupying entire rooms. Due to the cost of buying and maintaining mainframes, organizations couldn’t afford to purchase one for each user. The solution was “time sharing” in which multiple users shared access to data and CPU time. The term “time sharing” is the premise of cloud computing.
Computer scientist John McCarthy initiates the first project to use a time-sharing system, which allows several people to use a single, central, computer at the same time.
In 1969 J. C. R. Licklider, a computer scientist, developed ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) the direct predecessor to the internet. His vision was for everyone to be interconnected and accessing programs and data at any site, (very much like cloud computing.)
1970 – 1989
During this era, IBM released an operating system called VM that allowed admins to have multiple virtual systems, or “Virtual Machines” (VMs) on a single physical node. The VM operating system took the 50s “time sharing” model to the next level and most of the basic functions of any virtualization software that you see nowadays can be traced back to this early VM operating system.
Full time-sharing solutions were available by the early 1970s on such platforms as Multics (on GE hardware), Cambridge CTSS, and the earliest UNIX ports (on DEC hardware)
1990 - 1999
Telecommunications companies begin to offer virtual private network, (VPN) services, enabling businesses to send and receive data across shared or public networks as if their computing devices were directly connected to the private network.
Professor Ramnath Chellappa first coins the term 'cloud computing.'
2000s
In 2002, Amazon created Amazon Web Services (AWS), providing an advanced system of cloud services from storage to computation.
Amazon introduced the Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) in 2006 as a commercial web service. The EC2 let small companies rent computers on which they could run their own computer applications.
Somewhere in 2009, Google and Microsoft entered the playing field. The Google App Engine brought low-cost computing and storage services, and Microsoft followed suit with Windows Azure.
NASA's OpenNebula, enhanced in the RESERVOIR European Commission funded project, became the first open-source software for deploying private and hybrid clouds, and for the federation of clouds.
Among the many organizations that find cloud computing systems useful are educational institutions. Cloud computing has simplified the admission and administration processes, as well as improved general staff communication. The following diagram depicts the simplification that has emerge as a result of cloud computing in education.

Source: http://www.ijircce.com/upload/2014/february/21_Role.pdf

References
Alabbadi, M. M. (2011, September). Cloud computing for education and learning: Education and learning as a service (ELaaS). In Interactive Collaborative Learning (ICL), 2011 14th International Conference on (pp. 589-594). IEEE.
Hasson, J. (2008). Cloud computing is for the birds. FierceCIO. http://www.fiercecio.com/story/cloud-computing-birds/2008-10-11
Hosting, C. C. (2014). Cloud Computing in Education: Introducing Classroom Innovation. Whitepaper by http://www. crucial. com. au, 2-7.
Johnson, B. (2008). Cloud computing is a trap, warns GNU founder Richard Stallman. The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2008/sep/29/cloud.
Katz, R. N., Goldstein, P. J., & Yanosky, R. (2009). Demystifying cloud computing for higher education. EDUCAUSE Center for Applied Research Bulletin19, 1-13.
Mell, P., & Grance, T. (2011). The NIST definition of cloud computing.
Yadav, K. (2014). Role of cloud computing in education. International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, 2(2), 3108-3112.



1 comment:

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